Uncategorized

world war 1 soldiers names list

Search for a name in our archive. [email protected] Please note . Search for a name in our archive. The CEF database is an index to those service files, which are held by Library and Archives Canada. First Name: Surname: Please enter a surname. First Name: Surname: Please enter a surname. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu. John* for Johns, Johnsen, Johnson, Johnston, etc.) (The Missouri Adjutant General's Office compiled a biographical and service record of Missouri soldiers, sailors and marines who served in World War I. Index cards for locating naturalization records for soldiers serving in the US Armed Forces during World War I, specifically the year 1918. Genealogy Quest - US Army Casualties Reported on 10 March 1918. See the state listings above for links to those. 1933, Leavenworth Soldiers Home, Leavenworth, Kansas,  ca. Ireland's World War 1 Survivor Names . This is a list of the last World War I veterans to die by country. If a soldier saw service in both the First and the Second World Wars, the record has usually been amalgamated into their Second World War service record. First Name: Surname: Please enter a surname. World War One Draft Registration Cards at FamilySearch, World War One Draft Registration Cards Index (with digital images), How to Find World War One Draft Registration Cards, American Soldiers of World War I - Death Index, U.S. Army Transport Service, Passenger Lists, 1910-1939, U.S. Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1893-1940, United States, Veterans Administration Master Index, 1917-1940 from FamilySearch, Veterans Administration Master Index - Key to Codes and Prefixes, United States Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907-1933 at FamilySearch, US Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907-1933 at Fold3, United States, World War I, Military Muster Rolls and Rosters, 1916-1939 at FamilySearch, Prisoners of the First World War 1914-1918, World War I American Expeditionary Forces Deaths, 1917-1919, Index to Naturalizations of World War I Soldiers, 1918 at Fold3, Alabama, World War I Service Cards, 1917-1919 from Family Search, Alabama World War I Gold Star File of WWI Deaths, Alaska WWI Military Service Records: Personnel Information and Death Statistics, Alaska State Archives (Juneau), Military Service Discharge Records, 1898-1934, Arizona World War One Alien Registration Index, Arizona, Military Discharge Records, ca.1918 - ca.1989, Arkansas World War I Discharge Records Index, California WWI Soldier Service Cards, 1917-1918, California, Geographical and Name Index of Californians Who Served in WWI, 1914-1918, California, Honor Roll of Californians who served in WWI, 1914-1918, California, World War I Death Announcements, 1918-1921, California, San Francisco, World War I Enemy Alien Registration Affidavits, 1918, Denver Public Library - Colorado World War I Indexes, Connecticut: World War I Veterans Database, Connecticut: World War I Military Census of Nurses, 1917, Connecticut, Military Census Questionnaires, 1917, Delaware World War I Servicemen Records, 1917-1919, Florida World War I Navy Card Roster, 1917-1920, Georgia World War I Service Cards, 1917-1919, Georgia World War I Statement of Service Cards Index, 1920-1929, Georgia World War I Casualties Scrapbooks, Hawaii World War I Service Records - Army and Navy, Idaho WWI Adjutant General Discharge Cards Index, Illinois Digital Archives: World War I Documents, Indiana, World War I Enrollment Cards, 1919 from Family Search, Allen County, Indiana: Genealogical Records of German Families Derived from Enemy Alien Registration Files, 1918, Iowa Armed Forces Grave Registrations, ca. You don't need to fill in all the boxes. Download this stock image: List of names of fallen British soldiers in the Menin Memorial Gate, containing names of 54,896 Britons who died in World War 1 - BEGEJ7 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. In one year, the U.S. expanded its military from 300,000 to more than 4.8 million soldiers. Munsee: WWI: 802529: 135th Bn Reg. ... For example, if you searched for First name: Clive, Last name: Smith, you’d get Clive Smith at the top of the list, with other Clives and Smiths in order of relevance down the list. The New Zealand Defence Force Archives provides a useful information sheet to he… Record of First World War soldiers . 1885 - ca. You have to fill a request form, provide known information (obligatory: name and birth date) on your ancestors, check options what kind of information you are interested in. "Soldiers of the Great War" (3 Volumes) by Haulsee, Howe, and Doyle lists soldiers that died in WWI with their name, rank, town and cause of death. 1933, Sawtelle Disabled Veterans Home Case Files, Los Angeles, 1888-1933, Kapitänleutnant Walter Schwieger - Sinking of the, Teaching With Documents: The Zimmermann Telegram, American Battle Monuments Commission online WW1 Exhibit, June 5, 1918 -- those who attained age 21 after June 5, 1917. Gun crew from Regimental Headquarters Company, 23rd Infantry, firing 37 mm gun during an advance on German entrenched positions. The volumes are arranged by state with photographs of soldiers followed by a list of casualties. Over 600,000 men and women enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) during the First World War (1914-1918) as soldiers, nurses and chaplains. Over 600,000 men and women enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) during the First World War (1914-1918) as soldiers, nurses and chaplains. Simply type a name into the search page … This is a list that contains data about service files, not the actual service files themselves. In all, the total number of World War One deceased military personnel ranks fifth on Wikipedia's all time list of wars by death toll. Ireland, Casualties of World War 1, 1914-1922 Roll of Honour. This database contains the names those women who were entitled to make the pilgrimage, as shown by department records on 15 November 1929. Top Answer. Search Now. World War I Plus Newfoundlanders who served in the Military Forces of the World. Share page Copy link ... Log on to In Flanders Fields, type in a name … World War I—the war to end all wars. Search for a name in our archive. G-man . The First World War, fought between 1914 and 1918, was the first of the great world-wide conflicts of the twentieth century, pitting the 'Central Powers' of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and smaller allies against the 'Entente', notably the British Empire, France Russia, Italy, Japan, the United States, and their allies. Europe had been at war for two and a half years before the United States joined WWI in 1917. List the names of the people who were in World War 1 1? This represents 13% of the 70 million or so personnel who were mobilised in this major war which was centred in Europe. 2011-09-13 11:21:36 2011-09-13 11:21:36. Also see the "WWI Era Alien Registration Records" section near the bottom of this page. This is an index to those biographies for St. Louis City and County. Search over 25 Million records. For a comprehensive overview, see: Selected Finding Aids Related to NARA's World War II Holdings African Americans Records of Military Agencies Relating to African Americans from the Post-World War I Period to the Korean War , Reference Information Paper Casualty Lists and Missing Missing Air Crew Reports (MACRs) World War II Honor List of Dead and Missing Army and Army Air World War 1 Soldiers Database . Search for a name in our archive. CLARENCE. let me now if you find anything on this topic. The dates covered for casualties are from and including 4 August 1914 to 11 November 1918. Their looks are drawn from a limited amount of models, and their weapons come from a small pool that is dictated by the faction the character is being generated for. The 1930 U.S. census is available online for free (with registration) at FamilySearch, or at Ancestry if a you have a (fee-based) subscription. Website: www.findmypast.ie Ireland's Memorial Record of World War 1 Be aware that not everyone filled out the biography questionnaire forms. World War One Photos Home Page. A name given to a soldier or sailor that tends to get lost both figuratively and, well, literally! This includes the most prominent soldiers, living and dead, both in America and abroad. Army Department AAYS 8638 subseries 358/ & 359/. Dr Jonathan Boff explains how the British Army used military structures and ranks to organise and order its nine million soldiers in World War One. 1885 - ca. Share. Genealogy Quest - Military Collection - World War 1 (WW1) On 14 November 1918 the commander of the American expeditionary forces announced 1,067 casualties. The record of a location of a grave or memorial inscription is held by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC). Theresa Fitzgerald. 43 #4 (October-December 2017):50-55. World War One Veterans Database . Some of the men identified as killed were not – and likely reflect errors in the newspaper lists.) Genealogy Quest - US Army Deaths Reported on 25 May 1919. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration 2 3 4. First Name: Surname: Please enter a surname. The roll of honour will not be uploaded online until this is completed which is expected to be Mid December 2020. Record Group. Start learning about your past today. WW1 Record. Nearly all men between the ages of 18-45 registered during the years the draft was implemented, about 23% of the U.S. population. Research Mini Guide 61: World War One Soldiers January 2017 World War One Soldiers Background Between 1914 and 1919 over 5 million men served in armed forces during World War One. The National World War I Museum and Memorial's Edward Jones Research Center. even a web site will be of much help. "For more common names a little more effort may be required, in contrast to the lone Gladiator there are 7432 entries for the surname "Smith" and 734 of those have the given name "John." Contact details are given on their website. The names of the brave Irish men who fought in World War I have been made available online. Includes men and women, foreign scouts and nationals, etc. Links. Ireland's World War 1 Survivor Names . As a result, this is also not a complete list of Manitobans killed in the First World War. Using the search form, look for your soldier by name.Unique or rare combinations of surname and given names will be rather easy to find in the database, for example, there's only one man named "Gladiator. This is a fully voluntary project. 43 #3 (July-September 2017):42-45. Theme: Forever a Soldier: John Junji Katsu War: World War, 1939-1945 Branch: Army Service Location: Germany; Fort Bragg, North Carolina Theme: End of WWII: 70th Anniversary: Charles E. Kavenagh War: World War, 1939-1945 Branch: Army Air Forces/Corps Service Location: European Theater Theme: Art of War: Yukio Kawamoto War: World War, 1939-1945 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Genealogy Research Using Military Records, National Archives Catalog Guide for Genealogists, overview of military records at the National Archives, Records of Military Agencies Relating to African Americans from the Post-World War I Period to the Korean War, World War I Gold Star Mothers Pilgrimages, Learn more about the draft registration cards, World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, International Researchers "Jazzed" about Southeast Region's WWI Draft Registration Cards, Selected World War I Draft Registration Cards of the Famous, Infamous, and Interesting, Records Relating to the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, List of Series Relating to World War I at the National Archives at St. Louis, They Answered the Call, Military Service in the United States Army During World War I, 1917-1919, An Overview of Records at the National Archives Relating to Military Service, Where to Find Military Service and Pension Records at NARA, General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934, 20th-Century Veterans' Service Records Safe, Secure-and Available, Leavenworth Soldiers Home, Leavenworth, Kansas, ca. View in Catalog. ARTHUR EDWARD. Main Site: Home About Me Contact Me FAQ Search Names Places / Buildings Events . Start Your Research You may first want to search the WW1 Draft registration cards for basic information on individuals (see Draft cards section below). To find biographies of individual soldiers, use the name of the soldier as a keyword search eg: Thomas Ellis Carter; There are also many collective biographies available, including of soldiers from the same area. US Army Deaths … Photos of some of the soldiers are also included. World War One Poetry . The US Army deaths are listed here along with rank and cause of death for each soldier. 1.6 million soldiers were wounded and 673,375 had died or were missing by September 1919. The CEF database is an index to those service files, which are held by Library and Archives Canada. Forces: Cpl. Given Names. 1835-1998, Kansas, World War I Veteran Collection, 1917-1919, Kansas: Camp Funston Military Records, 1914-1919, Kansas: Registration Affidavits of Alien Enemies, 1917-1918, Kansas Casualties in the First World War 1917-1919, Kansas World War One Enemy Alien Registration Affidavits, Harvey County, Kansas: Registration of German Alien Enemies Index, 1918, Louisiana World War I Service Records, 1917-1920, Maine World War I Draft Registration Index, 1917-1919, Maine State Archives, World War I (WWI) Grave Cards, 1914-1950, Maine State Archive Collections, 1718-1957, Massachusetts: World War I Soldier Photographs, Michigan, Census of World War I Veterans with Card Index, 1917-1919, Honor Roll of Kalamazoo County, 1917-1919, Kent County (Grand Rapids): World War One Veterans Census Index, Minnesota: YMCA World War I Service Cards, 1917-1919, Minnesota Gold Star Roll Records Index, 1915-1921, Mississippi World War I Statement of Service Cards and Indices, Mississippi, World War I Army Veterans, Master Alphabetical Index, 1917-1918, Mississippi World War I Service Cards, 1917-1919, Missouri, Pre-WWII Adjutant General Enlistment Contracts, 1900-1941 (National Guard), St. Louis Post-Dispatch WWI and WWII Casualty Lists, St. Louis Star Times Article Series: St. Louis World War Fighters (index), St. Louis Genealogy Records and Resources, Nebraska WWI Draft Registration Cards Database 1917-1918, New Jersey World War I Casualties Database, New Mexico World War I Records, 1917-1919, New York World War I Veterans' Service Data, 1913-1919, New York Abstracts of World War I Military Service, 1917-1919, New York Abstracts of National Guard Service in WWI, 1917-1919, Roll of Honor: Citizens of the State of New York Who Died While in the Service of the United States During the World War [WWI], New York Soldiers of the Great War: Fallen New York Soldiers of World War One, New York City German Enemy Aliens Database, North Carolina World War I Service Cards, 1917-1919, North Dakota: Enemy Alien Registration Affidavits, Correspondence, and Supporting Documentation, 1918, Ohio, World War I, Enrollment Cards, 1914-1918, Ohio, World War I Statement of Service Cards, 1914-1919, Ohio, WWI Index and Return Cards, 1916-1920, Oregon: World War I Personal Service Histories Index, Oregon, World War I, County Military Service Records, 1919-1920, Oregon: World War I, Veteran State Aid Applications, 1921-1938, Oregon World War One Deaths, Navy & Marine Corps, Pennsylvania: Soldiers of the Great War (World War I), Pennsylvania World War I Service Medal Application Cards Index, Pennsylvania WWI Veterans Service and Compensation Files, 1917-1919, 1934-1948, Chester County World War I Servicemen Index - Chester County War Aid Association, The Official Roster of South Carolina Soldiers, Sailors and Marines in the World War, 1917-18, A Short History and Photographic Record of the 359th Infantry Texas Brigade, Texas, Various Counties, Military Discharge Records, Utah, World War I Militia Lists, 1917-1918, Utah, World War I Service Questionnaires, 1914-1918, Utah, World War I County Draft Board Registers, Name Index, 1917-1918, Virginia: World War I History Commission Questionnaires, World War I Draft Registrations for Northern Virginia, Washington World War I Service Statement Cards 1917-1919, Washington, World War I Veteran's Compensation Fund Application Records, 1921-1925 from Family Search, Spokane County War Committee, Veteran Service Record Cards, 1921-1922, West Virginia Veterans Memorial Database (for 20th Century Wars), Wyoming, Military Service and Veterans Records, 1914-1946, 1930 United States Census at FamilySearch, 1930 United States Census at Ancestry.com, World War I Indexes and Records at Ancestry (these require payment, except the Naval Deaths database), World War One Alien Registration Records - Indexes of German (and some Austrian) Aliens in the US 1917-1918. World War I—the war to end all wars. Benefits. External Links. Details of approximately 324,000 AIF personnel, recorded to assist with their repatriation to Australia from overseas service following World War I. We have records of 8,288,156 U.S. Army soldiers, reservists, and enlistees. The World Remembers will display the names of those who lost their lives in names-display installations in participating nations. Cross-referenced with meanings and statistics. Free to search online. Any inconvenience is regretted. Read Regimental … By 2016, that database will be expanded to include the complete service files of each member which will be a boon to amateur genealogists tracing their family history. 1 January 2008 107 years Greece: Unknown The Hejaz: Unknown Kingdom of Hungary: Franz Künstler: 27 May 2008 107 years India: Robert Francis Ruttledge: 12 January 2002 102 years Italy: Delfino Borroni: 26 October 2008 110 years Japan: Yasuichi Sasaki: 26 July 2006 108 years Montenegro: Danilo Dajković: 14 September 1993 98 years Please continue to send us any names and the WW1 name will be added to the list. Answer. Wildcard character: * (e.g. Links. They have no definite name or rank. Subscribe; Sign In; FR; Start Free Trial GIVE ME ACCESS World War I (1914–1918) Remembering 100 Years Every family has a WWI story - discover yours. What were the names of the soldiers from World War 2? With the military unit’s name, a researcher can then search the War Diaries of the First World War. They were nick-named 'Tommies'. They are held by Archives New Zealand, and can usually be located on their Archway database: 1. http://www.archway.archives.govt.nz Archives have digitised these files – view an example here(click on pdf link to download) Personnel files contain a lot of military short-hand and can be hard to understand. World War I Veterans Database . Unfortunately, most of the WWI Enemy Alien Registration Records have not survived. Eight volumes containing the name, rank and regimental number (information may vary) of over 49,000 personnel, compiled by the Irish National War Memorial. To obtain information about a relative, or any First World War soldier, is necessary to contact the Italian Ministry of Defense. If you wish to nominate ... (1 Military Police Unit) Can. If you use Match Term Exactly on the same search, you would only get the result for Clive Smith. You also have to state your relationship, e.g. Other valuable World War I resources which contain valuable genealogy data: U.S. Jonathan R. Casey and Stacie Peterson. WW1 Service Records. WW1 Record. the last name is Mors. In the late 1920s the War Department of the United States compiled a list of mothers and widows of deceased soldiers killed in World War I and offered to send them to their loved one’s final resting place in Europe. Search over 25 Million records. Recruitment began on the day after war was declared, with 30,000 men joining up on that one day alone. ERNEST MCKAY. World War One: Irish soldiers' records online. This is a list that contains data about service files, not the actual service files themselves. The name ‘Tommy’ was used universally throughout the First World War, by both sides. [email protected] Please note . World War One Postcards. The last combat veteran was Claude Choules who served in the British Royal Navy (and later the Royal Australian Navy) and died 5 May 2011, aged 110. The World RemembersThe World Remembers is a non-profit Canadian company, based in Toronto, Canada, whose sole purpose is to build and facilitate The World Remembers. Places in 1891 Census New York Soldiers of the Great War: Fallen New York Soldiers of World War One scanned, indexed book from the Larchmont Historical Society New York City German Enemy Aliens Database has over 26,000 names from a newspaper list. World War 1. Start with the top 100 or view all 1000 rankings. Explore out bitesize guides, designed to help you research an individual who died in the First World War. Search the CWGC website: Website: www.cwgc… This website is being reconstructed. In response to the United States’ entry into World War I, the Selective Service Act was authorized for the purpose of raising a national army. WW1 Music & Songs. As a foundation for our data we have relied on resources available through U.S. government archives and other public resources. Website: www.ancestry.co.uk Ireland, Casualties of World War 1 . Soldiers of the First World War: 1914-1918 Regimental Number List of the CEF The Regimental Number List of the Canadian Ex peditionary Force (CEF) is a guide which links a soldier’s regiment number to his assigned military unit. ABBEY. Search Now. ), Casualties European War, July 20, 1918-September 8, 1939 (Indexes three scrapbooks of St. Louis area newspaper clippings. As the largest repository of American World War I records, the National Archives invites you to browse the wealth of records and information documenting the U.S. experience in this conflict, including photographs, documents, World War 1 Soldiers Names. Search over 25 Million records. This moniker is a good one to hold onto if at all possible! Use the Advanced Search page when the specific date of death is known, or to search within a range of dates, or for a unit name.. As with the Soldiers of the First World War (1914-1918) database, searches for common names can result in a large number of similar results. World War I Statement of Service Cards. The roll of honour will not be uploaded online until this is completed which is expected to be Mid December 2020. List of famous soldiers, with photos, bios, and other information when available. Theme: Forever a Soldier: Leo Joseph Bailey War: World War, 1914-1918 Branch: Army Service Location: Fort Slocum, New York; Syracuse, New York; France Theme: Celebrating 20 years of VHP: Staff Picks: Roy Daniel Bailey War: World War, 1939-1945 Branch: Army Randomly generated soldiers are soldiers that appear in the game randomly. Their Soldiers of the First World War database has attestation papers of most of the 640,000 soldiers, chaplains and nursing sisters who served with the Canadian Expeditionary Force. The nominal roll includes the service number, name, rank, battalion, date enlisted and date discharged. By January … 43 #3 (July-September 2017):46-48. WW1 Medal Index Cards. A variety of Army and Lands & Survey Department records can provide information on the government’s efforts to rehabilitate soldiers after the First World War. Please continue to send us any names and the WW1 name will be added to the list. The State Library holds some army lists relating to officers in the British army during World War I. Personnel files are the most useful source for researching First World War soldiers, and should be the researcher’s first port of call. This site is a searchable archive for World War II era Army enlistment records, generally spanning the years 1938 - 1946. A list of links to First World War research information on soldiers in WW1 . (It would appear that many of the names on the cards were gathered from newspaper casualty lists. Search By Surname; Featured Items: Home. Asked by Wiki User. John P. Deeden. The roll was compiled at the end of the war, and lists the last unit each soldier served in. i need to find a complete (as complete as it can get) list of names of german soldiers in world war one. The quarterly Indian Army list is a list of British army officers stationed in India. About 9500 soldiers were settled but much of the land was marginal. Europe had been at war for two and a half years before the United States joined WWI in 1917. Any inconvenience is regretted. A list of links to First World War research information on soldiers in WW1 . World War 2 Veterans List Of Names. Auxiliary Records of World War I Veterans. Now over 7000 Aboriginal Veterans names are on the Tribute List, and growing! World War One Photos Home Page. World War I Civilian Service Questionnaires, Colorado State Archives Veterans Graves Registrations 1862-1949, Fallen Heroes of World War I from Denver, Colorado, Colorado World War I Draft Registration Cards Index, Colorado World War I Draft Registration Index - Minorities, Colorado World War I Casualties Buried in Europe, Knox County, Illinois. The Medal Rolls Index (also known as 'the Medal Index Cards') is the listing of approximately 4.8 million individuals who fought in World War 1. In the latest release of First World War military records, TheGenealogist has brought online the most comprehensive collection of 'Wounded' from the First World War - over 1.3 million records of servicemen wounded in the British and Commonwealth forces. World War One Photos Database Of thousands of identified photos, obituaries & short service records of First World War officers, soldiers, sailors, nurses, airmen and civilian workers available. The list is contained within 80 volumes. FamilySearch has a helpful list of what is available from the U.S. National Archives (NARA) at. WWI - State Dept Records Records of the Department of State Relating to World War I and its Termination, 1914-1929, NARA M367. Who are the top soldiers in the world? email me at cheergrl_OG_16@yahoo.com thank you so much for all of your help! The volumes are arranged by state with photographs of soldiers followed by a list of casualties. Discover more about the World War One Centenary It is here, 11 days after the declaration of war in Europe, that a British government official fired a shot that killed a German soldier. Those who died while serving The Roll of Honour records the names of servicemen and servicewomen who died during or as a result of service with Australian military forces. The Battle of Passchendaele (NEW) Contributions welcomed : The Royal Newfoundland Regiment: Tributes and Articles: The First Five Hundred A History of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment: WW I and WW II Prose: The Royal Newfoundland Regiment Nominal Roll : Sgt Thomas Ricketts V.C. Ginger . The relevance of "world" in the term "World War I" is often difficult to see, because books, articles, and documentaries generally concentrate on Europe and America; even the Middle East and Anzac forces (Australian and New Zealand) are often glossed over. A list of over 660,000 British soldiers (Other Ranks) who died during the Great War was compiled by the War Office and published by His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) in 1921. The name given to a soldier or airman with red hair. A name given to a pilot who can withstand a lot of G-forces. Digital records of Irish soldiers serving in World War I … Surname. Considerable hardship and failure resulted. More than 9 million soldiers died in the Great War of 1914 - 1918, now more commonly known as World War One. Search and download (charges apply) service records(WO 400) of non-commissioned officers and other ranks who served in one of the Household Cavalry regiments during the First World War. Not all casualties in the list have a photo and the photos are not listed in strict alphabetical order. Comments. Search World War One service records to learn about the men who served in the military during WWI. „grandson“. Search over 25 Million records. Column 30 asked, "yes or no." What were the names of the british soldiers that took part in world war 1? There are some available online for Arizona (partial), California (San Francisco), Indiana (Allen County), Kansas, Minnesota, New York City (from a newspaper), and North Dakota. The information you could find on there is: first name and last name, date and place of birth, burial location (cemeteries inside and abroad the Italian territory).

Ultratech Cement Technical Data Sheet, Type 89 Tank Modern, 3dscopes Replacer Fallout 4, Patel Brothers Roti Maker, What To Cook With Onions, Toddler Mac And Cheese Stovetop, How To Prepare Pilau Without Meat, New Construction Homes Franklin Tn, Grannicks Bitter Apple Spray Canada,